Narrative Theory- Roland Barthes

Action code- Applies to any action that implies a furthur narrative action, for example, non-diegetic music in the film 'Jaws' suggests an attack.

Enigma code- refers to any element in a story that is not explained, for example, who is the murderer. (Adverts only ever have one enigma code)

The Semantic code- any element in a text that suggests a particular, often additonal meaning by way of connotation.

Denotation- word with one meaning.

The cultural code- any element in a narrative that refers to 'a science or body of knowledge,' in other words the cultural codes tend to point out our shared knowledge about the world works.

The symbolic- Something that is used to symbolise something within a piece of media, a form of forshadowing. Can be noticed by looking at a series of binary opposite.